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Hafiz Hakki Pasha ((トルコ語:Hafız Hakkı Paşa ), 1878, Edirne, Ottoman Empire - February 15, 1915; Erzurum) was a General of the Ottoman Empire military. Hafiz Hakki was a classmate of Enver Pasha, Mahmud Kâmil Pasha, and Fahreddin Pasha. He graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy second in his class (Fahreddin was first, Enver was fourth, Mahmud Kâmil was eighth) and graduated from the Ottoman Military College first in his class (Enver was second, Mahmud Kâmil was fourth, Fahreddin was seventh) on December 5, 1902.〔 He was known as one of the "Freedom Heroes" in 1908.〔Erik Jan Zürcher, ''The Unionist factor: the Role of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement, 1905-1926'', BRILL, 1984, p. 47.〕 Hafiz Hakki fought in the Balkan wars in 1912 and then wrote books about how armies should be led. General Hakkı was one of the Ottoman commanders at the Battle of Sarikamish. At this battle, the large Ottoman army was utterly defeated by a smaller Russian force. During the retreat, the Ottoman army was nearly annihilated, mostly due to bitterly cold temperatures. He was married on 17.2.1910 with the Ottoman Princes Behiye Sultan a daughter of Prince Mehmed Selaheddin. He left descendants. Hafız was appointed by Enver Pasha to take over the remnants of the Ottoman army in the Caucasus in early 1915. He died of typhus in Erzerum in 1915 just a few weeks later. ==Sources== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hafiz Hakki Pasha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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